Exposure- controlled by the aperture, shutter speed and ISO Aperture: how much light gets into the camera f/2.8= large aperture, a lot of light, shallow depth of field (good for photographing food and babies) f/22= small aperture, a small amount of light, deep depth of field (good for photographing landscapes) Shutter speed- determines how fast the light gets into the camera 1/60th of a second is the fastest for handheld photographs, otherwise use a tripod for anything slower 1/250th of a second or faster for freezing action 1/10th of a second or slower for nighttime photographs with a tripod ISO- determines the sensitivity of the light ISO 100- bright and sunny day ISO 400- in the shade ISO 800- inside ISO 1600+- nighttime
Camera Settings
M= Manual = you control the aperture and shutter speed for the exposure S= Shutter Priority= shutter speed is the priority over aperture= use when movement is the most important element A= Aperture Priority= aperture is the priority over shutter speed= use when want shallow or deep depth of field (i.e. food or landscape) P= Program= camera determines what the best exposure is for the subject
Compositional Terms
Rule of thirds= most important subject is in the third quadrant of the photograph Leading line= a pathway carries your eyes through the photograph Simplicity= the subject is straightforward with a plain background Symmetry= the two subjects are parallel and echo each other Framing= your subject is framed by something like a window frame, gazebo, tree branches, etc Crop= your subject is close up and shows detail and texture
Vantage Points
Where you stand when you are taking the photograph. Be sure to vary your position when taking the shot! Worm's eye view- you are down on the ground Bird's eye view- you are high above the subject Side angle- you are to the side of the subject
Elements of Art
Color= warm colors/red, orange, yellow cool colors/ blue, green Primary colors: red, yellow, blue Monochromatic: shades of one color Line= the first thing you see is a line throughout the composition Value= the light and dark of a photograph Space= how something goes out in the distance, or positive and negative space Shape= organic- in nature inorganic- manmade (i.e. you would not see a rectangle in nature) Form= three dimensional Texture=surface detail of a subject, i.e. detail of fur
Principles Of Art
Unity= all elements work together, even unusual objects (i.e. the girl holding a monkey in a golden field) Proportion= how something looks in size compared to another, i.e. a small person next to a mountain Rhythm= repeated elements, like several sailboats in a row Harmony= everything meshes together, like a sunset on a lake Balance= symmetry- butterfly wings Emphasis= the first thing a person looks at Variety= something unusual in the photograph that you wouldn't see ordinarily